Chromosome+13

Simone Mills Chromosome 13:



This chromosome is made up of 113 million DNA base pairs which are about 3.5 to 4% of the DNA in a cell. (2)

==**Excerpt from Genome:**According to Ridley (1999), “Genes support evidence from linguistics: expansions and migrations of people with novel technological skills have been a huge inference on human evolution.” He also stated “Chromosome 13 in some people is a mutation which causes breast cancer along with chromosome 17 (BRCA1)” (6)==

Chromosome 13 contains 600 – 700 genes: (2) =Disorder:=
 * 1) (1) BRCA2 – “breast cancer 2 gene early onset”
 * 2) Contains 800 mutations that increase the rate of breast cancer.
 * 3) The mutations insert or delete a small number of DNA nucleotides in the gene.
 * 4) Disrupts protein production.
 * 5) May produce other cancers such as:
 * ovarian cancer
 * prostate caner
 * pancreatic cancer
 * fallopian tube cancer
 * male breast cancer
 * Melanoma (aggressive ski cancer)
 * 1) (7) ZIC2- “Zic family member 2”
 * 2) Contain 80 mutations that cause nonsyndromic holoprosencepholy (abnormal brain development that affects the head and face. Also the brain does not separate doing early development.
 * 3) Helps control activity of certain genes.
 * 4) Provides instructions for making a protein that is important in the role of the development of the forebrain.
 * 1) A rare disorder in chromosome 13 is Partial Monosomy 13Q is achromosomal disorder in which a portion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is missing (deleted or monosomic). Some severe symptoms may vary greatly depending on exact size and location of deletion usually seen at birth ( low weight, abnormal eyes, defects in hands or feet). Usually occurs for no reason because it has a very random occurance. (8)

=Interesting Facts:=
 * 1) Chromosome 13 contains blue prints that direct a baby’s development in the early weeks following conception. (3)
 * 2) Largest human acrocentric chromosome. (4)
 * 3) Has lowest gene density. (4)
 * 4) The most popular disorder is the Patau syndrome which is also known as trisomy 13. This is when the person would have and extra chromosome 13 from nondisjunction of chromosomes during meiosis. (5)

__**References:**__ 1. BRCA2 - breast cancer 2, early onset - Genetics Home Reference. (2012, May 7). //Genetics Home Reference - Your guide to understanding genetic conditions//. Retrieved May 9, 2012, from [] 2. Chromosome 13 - Genetics Home Reference. (2012, May 7). //Genetics Home Reference - Your guide to understanding genetic conditions//. Retrieved May 9, 2012, from [] 3. Greene, A. (2008, February 3). Fast Facts about Trisomy 13 | DrGreene.com. //DrGreene.com | Putting the care into children's health//. Retrieved May 9, 2012, from [] 4. Human Genome Project: Chromosome 13 - Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. (2011, May 3). //Home page - Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute//. Retrieved May 9, 2012, from [] 5. Patau syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. Retrieved May 9, 2012, from [] 6. Ridley, Matt. //Genome: the autobiography of a species in 23 chapters//. New York: HarperCollins, 1999. Print.

7. ZIC2 - Zic family member 2 - Genetics Home Reference. (2012, May 7). //Genetics Home Reference - Your guide to understanding genetic conditions//. Retrieved May 9, 2012, from [] 8. rare-diseases — National Organization for Rare Disorders. (n.d.). //Welcome to NORD — National Organization for Rare Disorders//. Retrieved May 9, 2012, from []